which of the following is currently america's number one cause of death?

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Main causes of death that contribute to reducing life expectancy among Black and White populations: United States, 1999–2013NCHS Data Brief No. 218, November 2015 (764 KB)Kenneth D. Kochanek, M.A.; Elizabeth Arias, Ph.D.; and Robert N. Anderson, Ph.D. Main findings National Vital Statistics System Data, Mortality The trend in U.S. life expectancy since 1900 has been one of gradual improvement (). However, differences in life expectancy by race have persisted at least since official estimates were recorded. The measurement of health disparities, including life expectancy, is part of the recommendations of the healthy population 2020 (). In 1999, the difference in life expectancy between white and black populations was 5.9 years. The gap decreased to 3.6 years in 2013. Black and white population differences in the causes of death are explored to determine how they contribute to the decline in life expectancy between 1999 and 2013. Keywords: mortality, disparities, National Vital Statistics System What are the recent trends in life expectancy? Life expectancy at birth increased steadily from 77.3 years in 1999 to 79.1 years in 2013 for the white population (2.3 per cent increase) (). For white men, the increase was 74.6 years to 76.7 years (2.8 per cent increase), and for white women, from 79.9 years to 81.4 years (1.9 per cent increase). Life expectancy at birth for the black population increased steadily from 71.4 years in 1999 to 75.5 years in 2013 (5.7 per cent increase). For Black men, the increase was 67.8 years to 72.3 years (6.6% increase), and for Black women, from 74.7 years to 78.4 years (5.0% increase). Figure 1. Life expectancy, by race and sex: United States, 1999–2013 Source: CDC/NCHS, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality. How did the racial gap change in life expectancy over time? In 2013, the difference in life expectancy at birth between black and white populations was 3.6 years (). For white and black men, this difference was 4.4 years, and for black and white women, the difference was 3.0 years. In 1999, the difference in life expectancy between black and white populations was 5.9 years. For white and black men, this difference was 6.8 years, and for black and white women the difference was 5.2 years (). Between 1999 and 2013, the gap in life expectancy between black and white populations decreased by 2.3 years. For white and black men, the decrease in the gap was 2.4 years, and for black and white women, the decrease in the gap was 2.3 years. Figure 2. Differences in life expectancy between white and black populations by sex: United States, 1999–2013 Source: CDC/NCHS, National System of Vital Statistics, Mortality. What main causes of death have affected the decline in the life expectancy gap between black and white populations between 1999 and 2013? Figure 3. Contribution of the main causes of death to the decrease in the life expectancy gap between black and white populations: United States, 1999–2013Source: CDC/NCHS, National System of Vital Statistics, Mortality. What main causes of death have affected the decline in life expectancy among black and white male populations from 1999 to 2013? Figure 4. Contribution of the main causes of death to the decrease in the life expectancy gap between white and black men: United States, 1999–2013Source: CDC/NCHS, National System of Vital Statistics, Mortality. What main causes of death have affected the decline in life expectancy among black and white populations from 1999 to 2013? Figure 5. Contribution of the main causes of death to the decrease in the life expectancy gap between black and white women: United States, 1999–2013Source: CDC/NCHS, National System of Vital Statistics, Mortality. SummaryThe life expectancy at birth has increased steadily from 1900 to 78.8 years earlier in 2013. But there are still differences in life expectancy between white and black populations, despite the decline in life expectancy from 5.9 years in 1999 to 3.6 years in 2013. The differences in change over time in the main causes of death for black and white populations have contributed to this gap in life expectancy. Between 1999 and 2013, the decline in the life expectancy gap between black and white populations was mainly due to a greater decrease in mortality from heart disease, cancer, HIV disease, unintentional injuries and perinatal conditions among the black population. In addition, the gap between black and white male life expectancy resulted from increased reductions in mortality rates from HIV disease, cancer, unintentional injuries, heart disease and perinatal conditions in black men. For black women, the greatest decrease in mortality rates due to diabetes, along with rates of decreased heart and HIV diseases, were the main causes that contributed to the decline in life expectancy with white women. The decline in life expectancy among white and black populations would have been more than 3.6 years if not due to increases in mortality rates for the black population for the aortic aneurysm, Alzheimer's disease and maternal conditions. For Black men, the causes that showed increases in mortality rates on white men were hypertension, aortic aneurysm, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and kidney disease, while the causes that showed increases in mortality rates for black women were Alzheimer's disease, maternal conditions and atherosclerosis. This NCHS The data summary is the second in a series of data reports that explore the causes of death that contribute to the differences in life expectancy between the detailed ethnic and racial populations of the United States. The first report focused on racial differences in life expectancy for one year, 2010 (). Definitions Classification of causes of death: Medical information, including diagnosis of injuries and external causes of injuries, which is registered in death certificates presented in the United States and classified and codified according to the International Statistical Classification of Related Diseases and Health Problems, Tenth Review (ICD-10) (). The corresponding categories of cause of death and the ICD-10 codes presented in this report are: Life expectancy: The average years a group of babies would live if the group had to experience the age-specific mortality rates present in the year of birth. It is also called period, or life expectancy (). Source and Data Methods All data come from the 1999 and 2013 mortality files of the National Vital Statistics System. The life tables methodology is explained in the NCHS reports "Deaths: Final Data for 2013" () and "United States Life Tables, 2010" (). A complete description of Arriaga's partition methodology can be found in other places (,). About the authorsKenneth D. Kochanek, Elizabeth Arias and Robert N. Anderson are with the CDC's National Health Statistics Center, Vital Statistics Division, Mortality Statistics Branch. References Suggested Quotation Kochanek KD, Arias E, Anderson RN. The main causes of death that contribute to the reduction of the life expectancy gap between black and white populations: the United States, 1999–2013. NCHS data brief, no 218. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2015. Copyright Information All the material in this report is in the public domain and can be reproduced or copied without permission; however, the quotation is appreciated as to the source. National Center for Health Statistics Charles J. Rothwell, M.S., M.B.A., Director Nathaniel Schenker, Ph.D., Deputy Director Jennifer H. Madans, Ph.D., Deputy Director of ScienceDelton Atkinson, M.P.H., M.P.H., P.M.P., Director Hanyu Ni, Ph.D., M.P.H., Associate Director of ScienceExit Notification/Disclaimer Policy

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